Access control system

An access control system is a security framework designed to regulate which authenticated entities—users, devices, or applications—can interact with specific resources within an organization. As a core component of Identity & Access Management (IAM), it combines authentication (verifying an entity's identity) with authorization (determining what actions that entity is permitted to perform). The system enforces the principle of least privilege, ensuring that each entity receives only the minimum permissions necessary to fulfill its role.

Access control systems protect a wide range of assets, including digital infrastructure, sensitive data, network systems, and physical facilities. By continuously managing and monitoring permissions throughout a user's lifecycle, these systems mitigate risks associated with unauthorized access, data breaches, and insider threats. Their effective implementation is essential for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information, supporting regulatory compliance, and strengthening an organization's overall resilience against evolving cyber threats.