An access request is a formal, documented process within Identity & Access Management (IAM) through which an individual or automated system seeks explicit authorization to interact with specific digital resources. This critical security mechanism governs who can gain entry to sensitive applications, data repositories, network segments, or other protected IT infrastructure. When submitted, the request specifies the exact resources needed and the legitimate business purpose, triggering a comprehensive evaluation against organizational security policies and compliance requirements.

During the access request workflow, the requester's identity is verified, their legitimate need is assessed, and the request is approved or denied by designated authorities. This process enforces the principle of least privilege, ensuring access is granted only to necessary resources for the shortest duration required. Proper management of access requests minimizes potential attack vectors, protects confidential information from unauthorized exposure or alteration, and maintains a strong security posture across the enterprise.